Lab 7 · Functions

Module 7 · Lectures L13–L14 · Week 7 · 120 minutes · guided/independent 60/40

Prerequisites: completion of Labs 1–6 (Lab 1: none). Bring your laptop with the course toolchain verified (see § 3) and your exercise notebook.

2. Learning objectives

By the end of this lab you can:

• Write prototypes, definitions, and calls
• Design one-job functions with clear contracts
• Choose return-value vs out-parameter deliberately
• Test functions independently of the main program

These deliver the module's outcomes (PF codes in ../../LEARNING_OUTCOMES.md).

3. Required software and compiler

• Compiler contract: g++ -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -pedantic (GCC 13+ via MSYS2/MinGW-w64 on Windows; GCC or clang++ on macOS/Linux — see ../../docs/TOOLCHAIN.md).
• Editor: any (VS Code + C/C++ extension recommended; debugger optional until Lab 4).
• Verify before starting:

  g++ --version

• Starter files for this lab live in starter_code/ next to this manual; they compile warning-free under the contract (see ../../../docs/LAB_AUDIT.md).

4. Relevant theory

prototypes, contracts, return-vs-out, unit thinking — full treatment in the lecture notes; the lab applies it, the lecture explains it.

5. Pre-lab questions

Answer in your notebook BEFORE the session; the TA checks them at entry:

1. What does a function contract comment promise?
2. Why should a function return a value rather than print it?
3. What is the smallest test set for isEven()?

6. Instructor demonstration (15 min)

The instructor or TA demonstrates: Decomposition into tested functions. Watch for the workflow (how errors are read and fixed), not just the final code. The demo ends with the checkpoints you must hit in § 7.

7. Guided coding tasks

1. guided: signatures-first design for 3 utility functions
2. guided: test-harness main calling each with edge cases
3. independent: geometry function library (4 functions, tested)
4. independent: refactor a supplied monolith into functions

Checkpoint rule: show each guided result to the TA before moving on. TAs give guidance, not solutions (../../TEACHING_GUIDE.md § 5).

8. Independent programming exercises

Complete the tasks labeled independent in § 7 without step-by-step help. You may consult lecture notes and this manual — not a neighbor's screen. The TA records who completes what.

9. Debugging task

Refactor a 60-line main into 3 functions — one responsibility each

Use the five-step debug loop (reproduce, isolate, hypothesize, test, fix-and-verify) and record it in your debug log (../../labs/resources/debug_log_template.md) from Lab 4 onward. Identify the stage of each defect (compile, link, runtime, logic).

10. Test cases

Your program must pass at minimum:

• Boundary values (0, 1, maximum legal input).
• Normal cases from the task descriptions.
• At least one invalid input handled gracefully (from Lab 4 onward).

Record results in the test-evidence table (../../labs/resources/submission_template.md): input, expected, actual, verdict.

11. Expected learning outcomes

After this lab, verified by the checkpoints and your submission, you can reliably write prototypes, definitions, and calls; design one-job functions with clear contracts; choose return-value vs out-parameter deliberately; test functions independently of the main program. This maps to the module's PF outcomes and feeds the next lab's prerequisites.

12. Submission requirements

Submit via the course LMS before the start of next week's lab:

1. Source file(s) named per the task list (snake_case).
2. Test-evidence table (completed template).
3. Debug log for the § 9 task (Lab 4 onward).
4. Pre-lab answers (photo or scan is fine).

Code must compile warning-free under the course contract — a warning costs the compile check (§ 13).

13. Assessment rubric (10 points)

Total 10, scaled to the 10 % course component. Labs 1–15 count the best 12 of 15 (drop-lowest); Lab 16 is graded as the project milestone with the same rubric plus the demo (see the instructor notes).